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- AVIFAVIF (AV1 Image File Format) is the most compression-efficient image format available, offering 50% smaller files than JPEG and 20-30%…
- Browser CachingStoring previously downloaded resources on the user's device so subsequent page loads (or return visits) can skip network requests entirely.
- CLS (Cumulative Layout Shift)CLS measures the largest burst of unexpected layout shifts during the entire lifecycle of a page.
- Content Delivery Network (CDN)A geographically distributed network of proxy servers that deliver content from locations closest to the user, reducing latency and…
- Core Web VitalsA set of three Google metrics (LCP, INP, CLS) that measure real-world user experience on loading, interactivity, and visual stability.
- Critical Rendering PathThe sequence of steps the browser uses to convert HTML, CSS, and JavaScript into pixels.
- CrUX ReportThe Chrome User Experience Report is Google's public dataset of real-user performance metrics from opted-in Chrome browsers.
- Edge CachingStoring pre-generated responses on CDN edge servers so subsequent requests are served without contacting the origin server.
- FCP (First Contentful Paint)FCP measures the time from navigation to when the browser renders the first DOM content.
- Font Display SwapA CSS font-display strategy that renders text immediately in a fallback font while the custom font loads, then swaps to the custom font…
- Gzip / Brotli CompressionServer-side compression algorithms that reduce the size of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript files before sending them to the browser.
- Image OptimizationThe practice of selecting, compressing, sizing, and delivering images to minimize load time while preserving visual quality.
- INP (Interaction to Next Paint)INP measures page responsiveness by observing the latency of all clicks, taps, and keyboard interactions.
- LCP (Largest Contentful Paint)LCP measures the time from navigation to when the largest visible content element is rendered.
- LighthouseAn open-source Google auditing tool measuring performance, accessibility, SEO, best practices, and PWA readiness.
- PageSpeed InsightsA Google tool combining Lighthouse lab data with CrUX field data for any public URL.
- Partial Prerendering (PPR)A rendering strategy pioneered in Next.js that combines static prerendering and dynamic streaming in the same HTTP response.
- Performance BudgetA set of agreed-upon limits on performance metrics or resource quantities that a team commits not to exceed.
- Preload / Prefetch / PreconnectResource hints that tell the browser to fetch or connect earlier than it would otherwise.
- Real User Monitoring (RUM)RUM captures performance data from actual users via JavaScript using Performance APIs.
- Render-Blocking ResourceA CSS or JavaScript file that the browser must fully download and process before it can render any content to the screen.
- Responsive Images (srcset/sizes)An HTML technique using srcset and sizes attributes to serve different image resolutions based on the user's viewport width and device…
- Streaming SSRA server-side rendering technique that sends HTML to the browser in chunks as they become available, rather than waiting for the full page…
- TTFB (Time to First Byte)TTFB measures the time from navigation request until the first byte of the server response arrives.
- WebPA modern image format from Google offering 25-35% smaller files than JPEG at equivalent quality, with support for transparency and…
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