[API](atomicglue.co/glossary/api) — An API (Application Programming Interface) is a set of defined rules that enables one software application to communicate with and use the functionality of another.
[Bundling](atomicglue.co/glossary/bundling) — Bundling is the process of combining multiple source files (JavaScript modules, CSS files, assets) into fewer, optimized output files for production deployment.
[Client-Side Rendering (CSR)](atomicglue.co/glossary/client-side-rendering-csr) — Client-side rendering (CSR) generates HTML content in the browser using JavaScript, with the server providing a minimal shell and data APIs rather than fully rendered pages.
[Code Splitting](atomicglue.co/glossary/code-splitting) — Code splitting is the practice of dividing an application's JavaScript into separate bundles that can be loaded on demand, rather than sending everything in one monolithic file.
[CSS](atomicglue.co/glossary/css) — CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a declarative language that controls the visual presentation of HTML documents across screens, print, and other media.
[CSS Flexbox](atomicglue.co/glossary/css-flexbox) — CSS Flexbox is a one-dimensional layout model that distributes space and aligns items within a container, making it ideal for navigation bars, centering, and dynamic row/column layouts.
[CSS Grid](atomicglue.co/glossary/css-grid) — CSS Grid is a two-dimensional layout system that enables precise control over rows and columns simultaneously, making it the definitive tool for page-level layouts.
[DNS](atomicglue.co/glossary/dns) — The Domain Name System (DNS) translates human-readable domain names (like example.com) into machine-readable IP addresses that computers use to connect.
[DOM](atomicglue.co/glossary/dom) — The Document Object Model (DOM) is a programming interface that represents an HTML or XML document as a tree of objects that can be manipulated with scripts.
[HTML](atomicglue.co/glossary/html) — HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard markup language that structures content on the web using elements enclosed in tags.
[HTTP](atomicglue.co/glossary/http) — HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is the application-layer protocol that governs communication between web clients (browsers) and servers.
[HTTP/2](atomicglue.co/glossary/http2) — HTTP/2 is a major revision of HTTP that improves performance through multiplexing, header compression, and stream prioritization over a single connection.
[HTTP/3](atomicglue.co/glossary/http3) — HTTP/3 is the latest major revision of HTTP that replaces TCP with QUIC, a transport protocol built on UDP, to eliminate head-of-line blocking and reduce connection latency.
[HTTPS](atomicglue.co/glossary/https) — HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure) encrypts HTTP communication using TLS, protecting data integrity and privacy between client and server.
[IP Address](atomicglue.co/glossary/ip-address) — An IP address is a unique numeric identifier assigned to every device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.
[JavaScript](atomicglue.co/glossary/javascript) — JavaScript is a dynamic programming language that enables interactive behavior, data manipulation, and server-side logic in web applications.
[JSON](atomicglue.co/glossary/json) — JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight, human-readable data interchange format that uses key-value pairs and ordered lists.
[Lazy Loading](atomicglue.co/glossary/lazy-loading) — Lazy loading defers the loading of non-critical resources (images, iframes, scripts) until they are needed, typically when they scroll into the viewport.
[Media Queries](atomicglue.co/glossary/media-queries) — Media queries are CSS features that apply styles conditionally based on device characteristics like viewport width, screen resolution, or user preferences.
[Mobile Optimization](atomicglue.co/glossary/mobile-optimization) — The process of ensuring a website or app performs well, loads fast, and is easy to use on mobile devices.
[Progressive Enhancement](atomicglue.co/glossary/progressive-enhancement) — Progressive enhancement is a design strategy that starts with a baseline of essential content and functionality that works everywhere, then layers enhanced experiences for capable browsers.
[Progressive Web App (PWA)](atomicglue.co/glossary/progressive-web-app-pwa-web-development) — A website that behaves like a native app: installable, offline-capable, with push notifications and access to device features.
[Responsive Design](atomicglue.co/glossary/responsive-design) — Responsive web design (RWD) is an approach that makes web pages render well on any device or screen size by using flexible layouts, flexible images, and CSS media queries.
[Semantic HTML](atomicglue.co/glossary/semantic-html-website-development) — Semantic HTML uses elements that convey meaning about their content (like `<article>`, `<nav>`, `<header>`) rather than generic containers that only describe visual presentation.
[Server-Side Rendering (SSR)](atomicglue.co/glossary/server-side-rendering-ssr) — Server-side rendering (SSR) generates the complete HTML of a web page on the server and sends it to the client, as opposed to rendering it in the browser with JavaScript.
[Static Site Generation (SSG)](atomicglue.co/glossary/static-site-generation-ssg) — Static Site Generation (SSG) pre-builds HTML pages at compile time, producing a set of static files that can be served from a CDN with no server-side processing per request.
[SVG](atomicglue.co/glossary/svg) — SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) is an XML-based vector image format that defines graphics using mathematical shapes rather than pixel grids.
[TLS/SSL](atomicglue.co/glossary/tls-ssl) — TLS (Transport Layer Security) and its predecessor SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) are cryptographic protocols that encrypt data transmitted between clients and servers.
[URL](atomicglue.co/glossary/url) — A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is a text string that specifies the exact location of a resource on the internet and how to access it.
[Viewport Meta Tag](atomicglue.co/glossary/viewport-meta-tag) — The viewport meta tag controls how a web page is displayed on mobile devices by setting the visible area width and initial zoom level.
[WebSocket](atomicglue.co/glossary/websocket) — WebSocket is a protocol that establishes a persistent, full-duplex communication channel between a client and server over a single TCP connection.
[XML](atomicglue.co/glossary/xml) — XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is a flexible markup language that defines rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable.